Suchergebnisse

<p>This study investigates the rights of victim in the light of developments in the Code of Criminal Procedure 2013 in Iran. The victim as one of the pillars of the criminal phenomenon has found its actual and certain situation in criminal policy of communities. Criminal researchers have focused most of their efforts on elements such as crime, offenders, and penalties. But the victim of a crime or crimes often also plays a role in the crime, has been forgotten. With the advent of the knowledge of the victim in recent decades and highlighting human rights issues through the adoption of international and regional documents and regulations on offenders and victims, the ground for serious attention to the position of victims in national criminal justice systems has been provided. Therefore, moral and material support of victims like predicting the Compensation Fund, psychological and medical support are seen in the Iranian Code of Criminal Procedure Act of 2013. This study aims to explain the legal grounds supporting the victims and review and analyze the effects of the rights of this vulnerable group.</p>

AbstractViolence against women is a common phenomenon and its widespread dimensions cause many personal and social losses to husband and wife, family and society. This research was conducted using the library method which aims to investigate violence against women in Iranian society with a criminological approach. Many women have traditionally been subjected to violence or do not realize that it is an act of violence, because the law does not criminalize it and has the support of adat and religion to legitimize it. This study discusses the types of domestic violence and examples that occur against women and most of them may not even be considered violence. In addition, criminal regulations and laws are also ineffective, and they even exacerbate violence against women. The results suggest that legal weaknesses need to be addressed and eliminated, and that governments should be encouraged to comply with laws and change laws that are not appropriate. At the lower level, violence against women must be resolved socially by helping to grow women's NGOs, and thereby increasing women's awareness of their rights to violence.Keywords: domestic violence, criminology, domestic violence. AbstrakKekerasan terhadap perempuan adalah fenomena umum dan dimensinya meluas menyebabkan banyak kerugian pribadi dan sosial bagi suami istri, keluarga, dan masyarakat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode perpustakaan yang bertujuan untuk menyelidiki kekerasan terhadap perempuan di masyarakat Iran dengan pendekatan kriminologis. Banyak perempuan secara tradisional mendapat perlakua kekerasan atau tidak menyadari bahwa itu adalah tindak kekerasan, karena hukum tidak mengkriminalkannya dan mendapat dukungan adat dan agama untuk melegitimasinya. Dalam studi ini dibahas jenis kekerasan dalam rumah tangga dan contoh-contohnya yang terjadi terhadap perempuan dan sebagian besar bahkan mungkin tidak dianggap sebagai kekerasan. Selain itu, aturan-aturan dan hukum pidana juga tidak efektif, bahkan memperburuk kekerasan terhadap perempuan. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa kelemahan hukum perlu ditangani dan dihilangkan, dan bahwa pemerintah harus didorong untuk mematuhi hukum dan mengubah hukum yang tidak sesuai. Di tingkat bawah, kekerasan terhadap perempuan harus diatasi secara sosial dengan membantu menumbuhkan LSM perempuan, dan dengan demikian dapat meningkatkan kesadaran perempuan tentang hak-hak mereka atas kekerasan.Kata kunci: KDRT, Kriminologi, Iran АннотацияНасилие в отношении женщин - обычное явление, и его широко распространенные масштабы причиняют множество личных и социальных потерь мужу и жене, семье и обществу. Это исследование было проведено с использованием библиотечного метода, целью которого является криминологическое исследование насилия в отношении женщин в иранском обществе. Многие женщины традиционно подвергались насилию или не осознают, что это акт насилия, потому что закон не криминализирует его и пользуется поддержкой адата и религии, чтобы узаконить его. В этом исследовании обсуждаются типы домашнего насилия и примеры, которые происходят в отношении женщин, и большинство из них можно даже не рассматривать как насилие. Кроме того, уголовные нормы и законы также неэффективны и даже усугубляют насилие в отношении женщин. Результаты показывают, что необходимо устранить и устранить слабые места в законодательстве, а также побудить правительства соблюдать законы и изменять законы, которые не подходят. На более низком уровне насилие в отношении женщин должно быть разрешено в социальном плане, помогая расти женским НПО и тем самым повышая осведомленность женщин об их правах на насилие.Ключевые Слова: домашнее насилие, криминология, Иран

Entry points as one of the main components of physical and spatial structure of the city, despite the importance that have in terms of physical, functional and aesthetic with heterogeneous and incompatible land uses have turned into a detached, lacking identity and disturbed space. Historic examination of cities entrance represents changing coordinated and defined gates, towers and walls of old towns into entrance corridors with ugly buildings and old houses, repair shops, military applications, scrap car which showing an uncontrolled increase of development in today cities of the country. Adverse environmental assessment of the entry points of the city and its negative effects on residents and newcomers and the role that urban design should have in quality, visual and performance improvement of these spaces is the main objective of this research. First, the role of entrance space in traditional architecture and entrance spaces of historic cities should be considered and the relationship between performance and structure of city entrance space with the objectives of its inhabitants and the ability of this space to meet the needs of past citizens should be reviewed. Then, the entrance characteristics of several cities in hot and humid temperate climate of Iran with emphasis on aspects of tourism were reviewed and city relationship with outer space is searched. In the end according to the obtained results and some realities, criteria and operational conditions for designing entrance spaces will be offered.

Employees are playing the major role in any organization, as they are the assets of the company, thus the company's success depending on the employees' activeness and their performance. As it is obvious that the company or the organization must invest on effective training on their employees in order to grow up the job performance. The Human Resource Management is the research area, which conducted many research and surveys especially on the factors of training and developing programs on Employees performance. The purpose of this study is to investigate and measure the effects of training programs on Employees performance in Afghanistan's Telecommunication Companies as a case study. Four objectives were developed in order to understand the study aim. This study is based on four case studies of the biggest Telecommunication companies, which currently they are operating in Afghanistan. A quantitative research was implemented which the data are collected through the questionnaires by approaching 18 questions that distributed to 61 respondents within those four companies employees'. As a result, to findings the resourceful and active Human Resource Managers with respect to the decision makers of the Telecom companies. With respect to Training and development results with optimal utilization of resources in a company or organization. There is no wastage of resources, which may cause extra expenses. Accidents are also reduced during working. All the machines and resources are used economically, reducing expenditure. This case study mainly tangled 4 Telecommunication companies survey (private/Public) sectors, in Afghanistan and the duration of completion of the research was conducted within 6 months period. The questionnaires were distributed to the 61 active employees' of those telecom companies. mostly the respondents of the questionnaire were from HR, Admin, Training Development teams and technical departments, the data was analyzed through AMOS version 20 and Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Version 20.